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Rilakkuma (リラックマ Rirakkuma) is a fictional character produced by the Japanese company San-X, created by former employee Aki Kondo. Companies such as Re-Ment have collaborated with San-X to create Rilakkuma merchandise. Rilakkuma appears on items such as stationery, dishware, backpacks, and stuffed animals.
Rilakkuma's name is a combination of リラックス rirakkusu, a Japanese transliteration of the English word "relax", and クマ(熊)kuma, the Japanese word for "bear". Rilakkuma's origin story is that he mysteriously appears in the office lady Kaoru's apartment one day. He is a soft toy bear who has apparently decided to take up residence there. On his back there is a zipper which when opened reveals a light blue polka dot patterned material. The reason for the zipper on his back is unknown.
He was first seen in a series of picture books called Rilakkuma Seikatsu produced by San-X but since has become equally popular as a soft-toy character. In the picture books, he is often seen dressed up in a variety of costumes such as a kappa costume. In addition, it is implied that even in his usual appearance, his entire lower body is a costume, which he will often replace when it gets old or dirty (Rilakkuma is frequently seen sitting around waiting for suits that look exactly like him to dry on the clothes line). However, it is not clear whether his head is also part of his costume.
Rilakkuma is often accompanied by his friend Korilakkuma. While Rilakkuma is a brown bear cub, Korilakkuma is white, and while Rilakkuma sports a zipper on his back, Korilakkuma possesses a red button on her chest. Like Rilakkuma, Korilakkuma's origin is very simple - she merely mysteriously appeared at Kaoru's house one day, and Kiiroitori gave Korilakkuma her name because she looks like a little Rilakkuma ("ko" means a "little child" in Japanese). Korilakkuma's personality contrasts Rilakkuma in that she is full of vigor and is very mischievous. Korilakkuma takes advantage of Rilakkuma's easy-going nature by playing pranks on him while he sleeping; common pranks include drawing on Rilakkuma's face and stomach, putting headphones on Rilakkuma, driving her remote-controlled toys into Rilakkuma, and sewing odd color patches on Rilakkuma's suits. Despite this, Korilakkuma is shown to have a good relationship with Rilakkuma, and the two are described as close friends. Most of the time, Korilakkuma does not speak, but occasionally she knows what Rilakkuma is saying.
Kiiroitori lives at Kaoru's house and is her pet chick. Kiiroitori simply means "yellow bird" in Japanese, although he is sometimes described as a "pig-nosed chicken" outside of Japan. Kiiroitori lives in a birdcage but is able to enter and exit this cage at his own discretion. He often scolds Rilakkuma and Korilakkuma because Rilakkuma is too lazy and Korilakkuma is too mischievous, although sometimes he feels down because he thinks he scolds them too much. He plays a tsukkomi role (considered to be the smarter, more logical one who criticizes others for making mistakes). His favorite thing is to save money (such as the loose change found while cleaning). Kiiroitori is basically the opposite of Rilakkuma because of the bird's hard-working nature and love of cleaning. Despite being commonly portrayed as more mature, Kiiroitori is occasionally shown to have faults that suggest he is not quite as "grown up" as he pretends; for example, Kiiroitori has difficulty flying without wing extensions and is sometimes easily scared by his fellow birds.
In 2016, a darker and smaller brown bear named Chairoikoguma was introduced via Twitter. Korilakkuma met him while she, Rilakkuma and Kiiroitori vacationed in the Honey Forest, and Kiiroitori subsequently named him Chairoikoguma (Chairoikoguma means "a brown little bear" in Japanese). Rilakkuma and Chairoikoguma share a similar design, although their appearance differs in sevearl key ways: Chairoikoguma has fangs, fluffy white hair on his chest and bear-shaped marks painted with honey on his bottom and soles. Further, unlike Rilakkuma and Korilakkuma, Chairoikogum's eyes are depicted as bright and glassy rather than somewhat dull and matte, and Chairoikoguma does not appear to be wearing a body suit (he does not possess a button or zipper), suggesting he is more feral. Since his introduction, Chairoikogum can often be seen with Rilakkuma, Korilakkuma and Kiiroitori in official merchandise.